Abstract:Objective：To analyze the hospitalization costs of insured patients a certainGrade-A Tertiary general Hospital in Anhui Province before and after the integration of urban and rural residents’medical insurance before and after the integration of medical insurance in Lu’an City，Chuzhou City，Hefei City,and Bengbu City，to explore the effect of the implementation of urban and rural medical insurance. Method：Multi-stage cluster sampling method was used to select insured patients from Lu’an City，Chuzhou City，Hefei City，and Bengbu City among inpatients in a certainGrade-A Tertiary general Hospital in Anhui Province,then sample the patients in each city before and after the medical insurance integration within one year，the patients before and after the medical insurance integration are listed as the control group and the experimental group，respectively analyze and compare the differences inmedical insurance payment costs，personal payment costs，drug proportion，medical expenses and other factors. Results：After the integration of urban residents’ medical insurance（experimental group）compared with before integration（control group），the medical insurance payment ratio increased（t=51.14，P < 0.01），the ratio of personal payment ratio decreased（t=-64.96，P < 0.01），the proportion of medicines decreased（t=-4.29，P < 0.01）andthe average hospitalization cost increased slightly（t=2.24，P < 0.01），and the difference was statistically significant. Conclusion：At present，the integration of urban and rural medical insurance in some prefectures and cities in Anhui Province，the reimbursement ratio is more obvious at the policy level，and the guarantee capacity is higher than before the integration of urban and rural medical insurance，which reduces the disease burden of urban and rural residents to a certain extent.