Abstract:Objective：To explore the influencing factors and structural characteristics of hospitalization expenses of patients with thyroid cancer surgery，and provide reference for cost control. Methods：The data of patients with thyroid cancer who were discharged from a certain grade A tertiary hospital in southern Sichuan from January 1，2019 to December 31，2021 were selected to explore the external influencing factors of their costs by multiple stepwise regression，and the structural correlation between the total costs and individual costs was studied by generalized grey correlation analysis to explore the internal influencing factors. Results：A total of 2，327 patients with thyroid cancer underwent surgery were obtained. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that the main factors affecting the hospital expenses were the surgical resection method（bilateral，unilateral，partial resection），the length of hospital stay，whether there a complication of surgery，whether parathyroid gland transplantation，whether there were complications and pathological type（P < 0.05），Among them，the effect of surgical resection method（β=0.329）and hospital stay（β=0.304）on the cost is the most obvious. In the cost structure，the treatment fee and material fee account for the highest proportion，more than 60% in total，and the comprehensive medical service fee accounts for a low proportion（6.5%）；The structural correlation analysis showed that the comprehensive correlation between the treatment cost（0.9790）and the material cost（0.8589）and the total cost was the highest，and the comprehensive medical service cost was the lowest（0.7436）. Conclusion：The surgical resection mode and the length of stay are the main external influencing factors of the hospitalization expenses of patients with thyroid cancer surgery. The treatment cost and material cost are the main internal influencing factors. The cost structure needs to be optimized.