Infectious Diseases Trend Analysis Hospital-acquired Infection Prevention and Control Strategy
甘肃省卫生健康行业科研计划项目（GSWSKY 2020-46；GSWSKY2024-67）
目的：系统分析医院内法定传染病的流行趋势和传播风险，以为医疗机构优化防控策略、降低医院感染提供科学依据。方法：以某三甲医院上报至国家网络直报系统的传染病数据为研究对象，从传染病报告情况、每月变化趋势、不同传播途径季节性变化等方面进行分析，应用Cochran－Armitage进行趋势检验。结果：法定传染病中乙类占比74.89%、丙类占比24.70%、其他重点监测占比0.40%。传染病最多月份为1月份23例、7月份24例、8月份24例和12月份33例，不同传播途径每月趋势变化不明显，差异无统计学意义，但季节性变化趋势显著，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论：呼吸道类传播传染病以冬春季为高发季节；接触类传播传染病总体呈上升趋势，以夏秋季高发。医疗机构应针对传染病流行特征进行精准防控，以最大限度降低医院感染的发生。
Objective：Systematically analyze the epidemic trends and transmission risks of statutory infectious diseases within healthcare settings，in order to provide scientific support for medical institutions to optimize prevention and control strategies and reduce hospital-acquired infections. Methods：Utilizing infectious disease data reported by a certain grade A tertiary hospital to the National Network Direct Reporting System，this study analyzed the reporting situation，monthly trend，and seasonal variation across different transmission routes. The Cochran-Armitage trend test was applied for statistical validation. Results：Among statutory infectious diseases，Category B accounted for 74.89%，Category C for 24.70%，and other key monitored diseases for 0.40%. The highest number of reported cases occurred in January（23 cases），July（24 cases），August（24 cases），and December（33 cases）. Monthly trend for diseases with different transmission routes showed no significant variation，the difference was not statistically significant. However，a significantly seasonal trend was observed，with statistically significant differences（P < 0.05）. Conclusion：Respiratory-transmitted infections peaked in winter and spring，while contact-transmitted infections exhibited an overall upward trend，predominantly in summer and autumn. Medical institutions should implement targeted prevention and control measures based on the epidemiological characteristics of infectious diseases，in order to minimize the occurrence of hospital-acquired infections to the greatest extent.