浙江省大学生创新创业训练计划项目（s2023130 23095）；浙江省高校基本科研经费专项资助（KYYB202010）
目的：分析新生儿分娩性臂丛神经损伤相关医疗损害的判例特点，探讨此类医疗损害的常见原因与高危因素。方法：采集“中国裁判文书网”268例新生儿分娩性臂丛神经损伤医疗损害判例，回顾性分析新生儿的出生体质量、产瘫发现时间、伴随损伤、接产医院类型及等级、医疗过错类型、是否助产及助产方式、司法鉴定结果与法院判决结果等因素。结果：医疗损害判例中认定医方存在过错的主要原因为产前评估不足（32.42%）、助产方式不当（30.22%）、告知义务履行瑕疵（17.58%）等。结论：新生儿臂丛神经损伤的发生是多因素的，产科医师应重视全围产期对新生儿臂丛神经损伤潜在风险的评估，恰当实施助产干预，规范履行风险告知，尽可能避免或减少新生儿分娩性臂丛神经损伤医疗损害和纠纷的发生。
Objective：To analyze the characteristics of medical cases related to neonatal delivery brachial plexus injury，and explore the common causes and high-risk factors of such medical injuries. Method：A retrospective analysis was conducted on 268 cases of medical damage caused by obstetric brachial plexus palsy in the “China Judgment Document Network”，including factors such as birth weight，time of onset of birth paralysis，accompanying injury，type and grade of delivery hospital，type of medical error，whether or not delivery was assisted and the method of delivery，judicial appraisal of injury results and court judgments. Result：This study found that inadequate prenatal evaluation（32.42%），improper midwifery methods（30.22%），and defects in fulfilling disclosure obligations（17.58%）were the main reasons for determining the fault of medical institutions in such medical injury cases. Conclusion：The occurrence of obstetric brachial plexus palsy is multifactorial. Obstetricians should pay attention to the assessment of potential risks of brachial plexus injury throughout the perinatal period，implement appropriate midwifery interventions，standardize risk disclosure，and try to avoid or reduce the occurrence of medical damage and disputes related to obstetric brachial plexus palsy.