目的：了解高校附属医院科研人员对学术不端的认知和态度，探讨引发学术不端行为的影响因素，以提出防范学术不端行为的有效措施。方法：采用线上调查，对来自全国29所高校附属医院的531名科研人员进行问卷调查，问卷内容包括科研人员的基本信息、对科研诚信制度的了解程度，对学术不端行为的认知、态度及其影响因素。结果：高校附属医院科研人员对科研诚信各项制度的知晓率在66.10%~78.53%；受访人员反对学术不端行为的比例为32.96%~78.34%。学术不端行为产生的主要原因有职称晋升、评奖评优的驱动（87.57%）、临床工作压力（83.80%）、医疗机构的科研环境（83.24%）等。结论：为防范高校附属医院科研人员学术不端行为，亟需强化科研诚信教育，完善学术成果评价和人才评聘体系，减轻科研人员工作压力，健全学术不端行为监管体系。

Objective：To understand the cognition and attitudes of researchers in university affiliated hospitals to academic misconduct，to discuss the potential influencing factors of academic misconduct，and to put forward effective measures to prevent academic misconduct. Methods：An online questionnaire survey was used to investigate 531 researchers from 29 university affiliated hospitals nationwide. The questionnaire included the demographic characteristics，the awareness of research integrity system，and the cognition，attitudes and influencing factors to academic misconduct. Results：The awareness rate of research integrity system of researchers in university affiliated hospitals was 66.10%~78.53%. 32.96%~78.34% of respondents were opposed to academic misconduct. The main reasons of academic misconduct included the motivation of promotion and awards（87.57%），the stress of clinical work（83.80%），the environment of research in hospitals（83.24%），and some else. Conclusions：In order to prevent academic misconduct of researchers in university affiliated hospitals，it is urgent to strengthen the scientific research integrity education，improve the system of academic achievement evaluation and the system of talent evaluation，reducing the working pressure of scientific research personnel，and improve the supervision system of academic misconduct.