Abstract:Objective：To evaluate the operational efficiency and influencing factors of hospital surgical departments，and optimize the allocation of medical resources. Method：Data Envelopment Analysis（DEA）was used to comprehensively evaluate the input-output efficiency of the surgical department of a certain grade A tertiary hospital from January to September 2023，combining traditional operational evaluation indicators and disease diagnosis related classification（DRG）indicators. Relaxation analysis and Tobit regression were performed to identify improvement goals and influencing factors. Result：60% of surgical department DEA is effective，20% of department technology is effective，and 20% of department technology and scale are ineffective. Tobit regression results show that the actual number of beds，medical technicians，equipment units above 10 000 yuan，number of discharged patients，proportion of surgeries，and total weight all have a significant impact on the overall technical efficiency level. Conclusion：Medical institutions should transform their thinking，do a good job in differentiated management，flexibly adjust the allocation of health resources，and supplement and improve the hospital’s performance evaluation system by combining DEA and other methods and DRG related indicators.