Abstract:Objective：To examine the equity of health resource distribution in the Inner Mongolia and furnish evidence-based recommendations to advance the primary healthcare reform and development. Methods：This study employs descriptive analysis，concentration index，and Kakwani index to assess the equity of primary healthcare resource allocation in the Inner Mongolia Specifically，it examines the allocation of resources from both an absolute equity perspective and a relative equity perspective. Results：Among the primary health resources in Inner Mongolia between 2018 and 2021，the number of primary healthcare institutions per 10，000 individuals increased from 9.68 to 9.78，the number of practicing and assistant doctors per 1，000 individuals increased from 1.06 to 1.29，the number of registered nurses per 1，000 individuals increased from 0.58 to 0.75，and the number of beds per 1，000 individualsdecreased from 1.16 to 1.13 in Inner Mongolia. The concentration index of primary healthcare resources in Inner Mongolia is negative，with an increased absolute value indicating a higher degree of unequity in economically disadvantaged areas. The Kakwani indices are negative for all types of primary healthcare resources，indicating that economically disadvantaged areas have relatively more access to primary healthcare resources. Conclusion：The total amount of primary healthcare resources in Inner Mongolia is inadequate. Thus，there is a need to enhance the absolute equity of healthcare resource allocation at the grass-roots level. The allocation of health resources at the grass-roots level is comparatively equity.