目的：研究儿童医院新生儿重症监护病区（NICU）和普通病区不同体重组新生儿医院感染情况，分析医院感染的特点和高危因素。方法：采用前瞻性调查方法，对2020年1月-2022年1月所有入住新生儿重症监护病区和普通病区的新生儿进行目标监测。比较两个病区不同体重组新生儿的医院感染率、器械使用率和器械相关感染率等。结果：2020年1月—2022年1月两个病区共监测新生儿病例4 999例，监测住院总日数65 466天，感染例数127例，医院感染率2.54%，感染例次数137例，例次感染率2.74%。NICU医院感染率为4.55%，例次感染率为5.20%；普通病区医院感染率、例次感染率均为1.63%。NICU和普通病区感染构成比中NICU居第一位的是下呼吸道感染，占35.80%，普通病区居第一位的是胃肠道感染，占33.93%。新生儿体重越低，医院感染率越高；中心静脉使用率越高，医院感染率越高，差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.000 1）。感染患者送检标本124份，检出细菌30株，检出的病原菌均来源于下呼吸道和血液系统，其中下呼吸道以肺炎克雷伯菌为主，血液系统以肺炎克雷伯菌和表皮葡萄球菌为主。结论：对新生儿病区进行医院感染目标性监测可以及时发现新生儿医院感染的高危因素，通过分析感染发生的原因，进而采取有效的干预措施，可以降低医院感染率，保障新生儿的生命安全。
Objective：To investigate the features and the most pertinent risk factors of healthcare associated infection between groups with different weight neonates in neonatal intensive care unit and general wards. Methods：Targeted monitoring is prospectively performed to hospitalized neonates in NICU and general wards from January 2020 to January 2022 and frequency of HAI，device usage rate and device-related infection rate is compared between groups with different weight in these two wards. Results：A total of 4，999 neonates were monitored in the two wards with 65，466 hospitalization days from January 2020 toJanuary 2022. 127 neonates had 137 cases of infection with HAI rate being 2.54% and HAI case rate being 2.74% respectively. HAI rate and HAI case rate were 4.55% and 5.20% in NICU. HAI rate and HAI case rate were both 1.63% in general wards. Lower respiratory tract infection was ranked first in NICU with a rate of 35.80% and gastrointestinal infection was more common in general wards with a rate of 33.93%. The lower the newborn weight，the higher the nosocomial infection rate；the higher the central venous usage rate，the higher the nosocomial infection rate.HAI rate of different weight groups of neonates in NICU and general wards were both significantly different（P＜0.000 1）. A total of 124 specimens were detected and 30 strains of bacteria were isolated which were both from LRT and blood system with klebsiella pneumoniae being dominant in LRT，klebsiella pneumoniae and staphylococcus epidermidis being dominant in blood system. Conclusion：Targeted monitoring in neonatal wards can timely find the high risk factors of neonatal HAI. The HAI rate can be reduced and medical safety of neonates could be ensured through analyzing the causes of infection and taking effective prevention measures.