Abstract:Objective：To understand the allocation level and fairness of pediatric medical resources in Jiangsu Province，and providedecision-makingbasis for the government formulating children’s health plans. Methods：The Theil index，Gini coefficient，and Lorenz curve were used to evaluate the fairness of the distribution of pediatric medical resources in Jiangsu Province by population and geographic area. Results：The number of pediatric beds per thousand children in Jiangsu Province is 1.902，the number of licensed（assistant）physicians per thousand children is 0.81，the number of beds per square kilometer is 0.21，and the number of licensed physicians（assistant physicians )per square kilometer is 0.09. By population distribution，the Gini coefficients of pediatric beds and pediatric practitioners（assistant physicians） were 0.20 and 0.24，respectively，which were relatively average.The Gini coefficients by geographical area were 0.31 and 0.33，respectively，which were basically reasonable. Conclusion：The total amount of pediatric medical resources in Jiangsu Province is insufficient，the overall is relatively average，the population distribution is better than the geographical distribution，there is a phenomenon of regional differentiation，and the allocation balance needs to be improved. When the government designates a plan for the healthy development of children，it should comprehensively consider both demographic and geographical factors，scientifically set standards for the allocation of medical resources，and ensure the accessibility and the fairness of the allocation of pediatric medical resources.