目的：了解南通市水痘患者住院病例的住院费用构成情况，分析探讨疾病住院费用的影响因素。方法：采集2013-2018年南通市某三级甲等传染病医院的水痘住院病例，运用描述性方法分析水痘住院病例的一般情况和住院费用构成，单因素分析法分析住院费用的影响因素。结果：1 383份水痘住院病例中男性占56.9%，女性占43.1%，病例年龄主要集中在1~15岁（648例、占46.9%），有合并症住院病例占84.4%，无合并症住院病例占15.6%，不同性别和年龄以及是否有合并症的水痘病例住院费用差异均有统计学意义（P性别=0.014，P年龄<0.001，P合并症<0.001）；病例住院时间呈现春冬季（5~6月，11月至~次年1月）两个高峰，本地人口占95%，外地人口占5%，不同户籍地的水痘住院费用差异无统计学意义（P户籍=0.301）。结论：年龄、住院天数和合并症是水痘病例住院费用的主要影响因素，儿童及学生是水痘的高发人群，通过疫苗免疫加强水痘的防控，在合理用药及检查的基础上降低住院费用，减轻公众的经济负担。

Objective：To understand the composition of inpatient expenses of varicella patients in Nantong city，and to analyze the influencing factors of inpatient expenses. Methods：From 2013 to 2018，the varicella inpatient cases in a grade A tertiary hospital infectious disease hospital in Nantong city were collected，and the general situation of varicella inpatient cases and the composition of inpatient expenses were analyzed by descriptive method. The influencing factors of inpatient expenses were analyzed by single factor analysis method. Results：56.9% of the 1383 cases of varicella were men and 43.1% were women. The cases aged 1 to 15 years accounted for 46.9%（648）. The cases with complications accounted for 84.4%. The patients with different sex，age，with or without complications showed different inpatient expenses（P=0.014，P < 0.001，P < 0.001）；The hospitalization time showed two peaks in spring and winter（May to June，November to January of the following year）. The local population accounted for 95 %，and there is no statistical difference in the hospitalization costs of chickenpox in the patients with different households（P=0.301）. Conclusions：Age，hospitalization days and complications are the main factors influencing the hospitalization costs of chickenpox cases. Children and students are chickenpox’s high-risk population. The prevention and control of chickenpox could be strengthened through vaccination，and the hospitalization costs could be reduced on the basis of rational drug use and examination.