目的：分析出院患者疾病谱构成及变化，为合理配置医疗卫生资源和相关管理决策提供科学依据。方法：调取2006-2015年某院所有出院患者相关信息及主要诊断编码，并进行统计分析。结果：总出院病人方面，循环系统疾病和肿瘤成为最主要两类疾病。影响健康状态和与保健机构接触的因素变化幅度最大，从2006年的第6顺位，逐渐增长至2015年的第1顺位。随着年龄增长，肿瘤、循环系统疾病、消化系统疾病和呼吸系统疾病构成占比逐渐增高。结论：建立住院病人疾病谱，可以合理配置医院各种有限的卫生资源，提高医疗服务的质量和水平。

Objective：To provide the scientific evidence for rational allocation of medical and health resources and related management decisions by analyzing the and changes of disease composition in the discharged patients. Methods：The data and primary diagnosis codes of all discharged patients from 2006 to 2015 were analyzed. Results：The diseases of the circulatory system and tumors were the main diseases. The factors influencing health status and contact with health services changed most significantly，from the 6th overall position in 2006 to the 1st overall position in 2015. The proportion of neoplasm，diseases of the circulatory system，diseases of respiratory system and the diseases of digestive system increased gradually with the increase of age. Conclusion：Establishing an inpatient disease spectrum is helpful to reasonably allocate the limited health resources and to strengthen the medical services quality.