Abstract:Objective：To compare the physical examination data of school-age children in Xinyuan and Gaoyou，find out the existing problems，give better instructions on children health care. Methods：557 children in Xinyuan of Xinjiang and 455 children in Gaoyou were randomly selected respectively to perform the physical examination over the same period. The indicators includes height，weight，10 m return running，standing long jump，tennis throw for distance，double foot jump，sit-and-reach，and balancing beam. Results：In the outcome analyses for morphological index，the study shows no difference in the 3 year old group and the children in Gaoyou are significantly better in 4~6 year old group in both boys and girls group（p < 0.05）；In the outcome analyses for quality index，the children in both Xinyuan and Gaoyou have their own advantages on different projects，but in general，the children in Xinyuan have more superior projects；In the Kaup Index，there is a statistical difference in the 4 year old girl group，but the rest of the age groups show no difference. Conclusion：Children in Xinyuan have advantages on quality indicators，and children in Gaoyou are superior to them in morphological indexes. These two places should strengthen nutrition，carry out sports activities and promote the development of children’s physique according to their own backward physique indexes.