Abstract:Objective：To understand the present situation and risk factors of nosocomial infection in neonates，and to explore the prevention and control strategies of nosocomial infections. Methods：According to the Standard for Nosocomial Infection Surveillance，all hospitalized newborns were monitored from January 1，2014 to December 31，2016. The monitoring results are collected and analyzed，and the prevention and control strategies are summarized. Results：A total of 6，161 neonates were monitored. Among all the neonates，60 cases of neonates nosocomial infection occurred. The infection rate is 0.97%，the case-time infection rate is 1.07%. Among nosocomial infection sites，septicemia takes the first place，followed by neonatal infection，and the third is gastrointestinal tract infection. The daily infection rate of neonates is 1.4‰. Among them，the infection rate of ultra-low birth weight infants（≤1 000 g）was the highest，and that of normal birth weight infants（>2 500 g）was the lowest（0.6‰）. The lower the birth weight，the higher the risk of nosocomial infection. The utilization rate of ventilator and central venous catheter in newborns with different weights are significantly different. The difference is statistically significant. There was no significant difference in the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia and central venous catheter-related infection in neonates with different weights. Conclusion：Low birth weight premature infants are the key points of nosocomial infection control. It is necessary to carry out targeted neonatal surveillance and strict aseptic operation and hand hygiene，as well as ensure clean and pollution-free environment so as to effectively prevent neonatal nosocomial infection.