根据中国卫生和计划生育统计年鉴相关数据，作者对2010—2015年医院的基本情况、服务量、服务效率、医疗质量、服务效益进行了纵向分析；使用主成分分析法，对2015年三十一省（直辖市、自治区）医院的发展现状进行评价及横向对比分析。研究发现，我国医院整体发展趋势良好，各省的发展现状各有特征，但仍需提高医院服务效率、服务效益，尤其需重点加强医疗质量的提升，以促进医院发展。

Based on the data of China Health and Family Planning Statistics Yearbook，firstly，the author performs longitudinal analysis about basic situation，the service quantity，the efficiency of service，quality of medical care and service benefit of Chinese hospitals in 2010-2015. And then，the author performs evaluation and horizontal comparison analysis about 2015 hospital development status of 31 provinces using principal component analysis. The whole hospitals in China develop well，and the development of different provinces has its own characteristics. Hospital service efficiency，service benefit should be improved，especially the quality of medical care，in order to promote the development of hospitals.