通过对医患关系双方认知差异的相关文献进行归纳和整理，从医患双方对医患关系性质、现状、责任主体、发展趋势等方面的认知差异及其影响因素和解决措施的研究，综合分析了医患双方对医患关系的认知差异研究现状，提出医患双方的认知差异研究应为医疗实践服务，朝着研究特定医师和患者的群体趋势发展的展望，并提出应研制规范的研究量表，应重视将研究成果应用于对相关政策、医院规章的修改和制定。

In this study，we study the cognitive differences between doctors and patients from the relationship nature，status quo，responsibility subject，development trend and its influencing factors and the solution measures from the related articles.The paper analyzed the doctor-patient relationship of cognitive differences of status quo between the doctors and patients, proposed the the cognitive differences should be treated for medical practice，towards the trend of specific group of physicians and patients’ research，proposed we should develop a standardized research scale，the results of research should be applied to the advise on the revision of relevant policies and hospital regulations.